In Linux you can install packages through many ways like.

1. Through RPM,

2. Through shell script

3. Through source tar balls etc.

YUM(Yellow-dog Updater and Modifier) is another and advanced way of installing the packages in Linux distro's such as Red-hat, Fedora and CenOS.

In RHEL4 installing packages is a tedious process, some times it’s headache to install all the dependencies. So Red-hat come with a solution to overcome this dependencies problem in most situations, the solution for this is nothing but YUM implementation. This will resolve this dependency issue and other known issues. Here we are going to present some basic way how to use YUM utility to install packages locally(there are so many ways to install packages from different sources either local or remote such as ftp, http).

Basic YUM implementation locally:

Step1 :Copy the entire OS cd's content to Hard-drive as below.

	#cp -ar /media/cdrom/Server/* /destinationfolder

Example :

	server1#cp -ar /media/cdrom/Server/* /var/ftp/pub/Server/

Note :
1. From second cd too Server content in to our /var/ftp/pub/Server/ folder as shown below.
2. Here please take destination folder as /var/ftp/pub so that we can implement FTP server to share our repository.
3. If you have RHEL5 DVD then execute below command once.

	server1#cp -ar /media/cdrom/Server/* /var/ftp/pub/Server/

Step2 : Now change the directory to /var/ftp/pub/Server and install the createrepo package

	server1#cd /var/ftp/pub/Server

	server1#rpm -ivh createrepo*

Step3 : Specify the repository location to YUM.

	server1#createrep -v .

Note:There is the dot in the above command.
Step4 : Create a file with repo as extension and specify the YUM details in /etc/yum.repos.d folder

	server1#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

	server1#vi testing.repo

Note : The directory /etc/yum.repos.d/ contaions two .repo files which should be removed or moved to other directory, so that YUM server will check default .repo file it self.Q. What if I don't move or remove the default .repo files from /etc/yum.repos.d/ folder?A: Every time when you try to install packages through YUM, your yum will check all these files for repositories for getting packages which will or will not work and most probably delay is increased in getting those packages from online servers.

The new file which is created contains as follows.

[server1.linuxnix.com]
comment ="test"
baseurl=file:///var/ftp/pub/Server
gpgcheck=0

After entering these entries save and exit from the file.

Let me explain what actually these four entries mean.

[server1.example.com] ==>This informs what is the repository name.

comment ==> Its used to see the information about the repo.

baseurl ==> This is the server and path of the repo(here it’s a local repo so the base url is just a file:///
For example you are creating YUM client through FTP then base url should be like this

baseurl=ftp://station1.example.com/pub/Server

gpgcheck ==> This is to check the authentication of the repository, which is disabled in this case.
Local YUM repository is created, now you can install any package you want with yum command. In order to know more about YUM, Please see man pages for YUM.
Note:In-order to use yum repository we have to clean the yum meta data, so before installing any package first time use yum clean all command as shown below.

	server1#yum clean all

Basic YUM Server Repository through FTP server :

So what about Installing packages remotely by using this repository?

Let us see how to configure client to access this repository. Before doing client configuration we have to share this repository through FTP or HTTP.

Step1 : Install vsftpd server on server

	server1#yum install vsftpd

Step2 : Start the ftp service and on it

server1#service vsftpd restart

server1#chkconfig vsftpd on

That's it on the server side every thing configured properly, Now move on to client machine.

Conflagration Yum client in Linux

Step3 : Remove/move the local repository file from /etc/yum.repo.d/ folder to some other location #mv /etc/yum.repo.d/* /tmp/

Step4 : Create server.repo file in /etc/yum.repo.d/ with following contents

	[server1.linuxnix.com]

	comment ="test"

	baseurl=ftp://server1.example.com/pub/Server

	gpgcheck=0

Save and exit the file Now start using yum to install packages, as follows.

	client1#yum clean all

	client1#yum install packagename

Example :

	client1#yum install httpd

To uninstall a package through YUM

	client1#yum remove httpd

To see the info of a package

	client1#yum info packagename

To see the package is already installed or not

	client1#rpm -qa grep packagename

Hope this helps to setup basic YUM server locally.

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Surendra Anne

Mr Surendra Anne is from Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India. He is a Linux/Open source supporter who believes in Hard work, A down to earth person, Likes to share knowledge with others, Loves dogs, Likes photography. He works as Devops Engineer with Taggle systems, an IOT automatic water metering company, Sydney . You can contact him at surendra (@) linuxnix dot com.